Glossary

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Term Definition
intravenous antibiotics

antibiotics administered into the patient's vein.

Inversion

turned upside down or reverse; when a segment of a chromosome is reversed end-to-end.

IPV vaccine

(Inactivated poliovirus) vaccine helps prevent polio. It's injected 4 times over a number of years. It has replaced the older oral polio vaccine. Polio can cause muscle pain and paralysis of one or both legs or arms. It may also paralyze the muscles used to breathe and swallow. It can lead to death.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

overactive intestinal tract manifested by cramping, diarrhea and occasional constipation.

Karyotype

number of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell and what they look like under a light microscope.

Kaufman method for Apraxia

way of teaching children with apraxia of speech the easiest way of saying words until they have increased motor-speech coordination. They are actually taught the shell of words without including too many of the complex consonants, vowels, or syllables which make a word too difficult to even attempt on a motor basis.

Ketogenic diet

high fat, high protein, low carb diet found helpful in some seizure disorders in infants.

Kidney scan

diagnostic test using a small amount of radioactive material to examine for kidney abnormalities.

Kidney stones

deposits of various minerals forming hard stones that may cause pain and blockage of kidney function.

Kidney ultrasound

diagnostic test using soundwaves to discover kidney abnormalities or stones.

Kyphosis

spine bulges at the upper back; humpbacked

Large fleshy hands

when hands which appear fatty or puffy.

Lax Ligaments

increased flexibility

Lax ligaments (loose joints, sometimes c

loosening of the dense tissue supporting bony joints so that the joints may overflex or become unstable.

Levels of IgG, IgA and IgM

protein antibodies used by the immune system to block and neutralize foreign material such as viruses and bacteria

Liposuction

proceedure to remove excess fat from the body using a suction apparatus.

Long Philtrum

vertical groove that goes from the middle of the upper lip to the middle of the nasal septum is long

Lordosis

spine curves forward; also called "swayback"

Low blood pressure

Lower than normal pressure of blood in the arteries; may cause dizziness, fainting or seizures.

Low blood sugar

lower that normal blood glucose; may cause hunger, nervousness,fatigue,sweating or moodiness.

Lymphatics

network of tiny vessels in tissue that carry a clear fluid called lymph into veins and back to the heart.

Lymphedema

excess fluid collects in the tissues causing swelling, usually of the arms or legs

Lymphocyte proliferation

increased production of a type of white blood cell called a lymphocyte; can be seen in viral infections, rare tumors or normally.

Lymphocyte surface markers

cells responsible for immune responses. There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. The B cells make antibodies that attack bacteria and toxins while the T cells attack body cells themselves when they have been taken over by viruses or have become cancerous.

Lymphography

radiography of the lymphatic channels and lymph nodes after injection of radiopaque matieral (dye)

Lymphoscintigraphy

diagnostic technique in which a two-dimensional picture of the lymphatic system is produced through the detection of radiation emitted by a radioactive substance administered into the body

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

noninvasive diagnostic technique that produces computerized images of internal body tissues

Magnetoencephalography

noninvasive technique that detects and records the magnetic field associated with electrical activity in the brain

Malocclusion

abnormality in the coming together of teeth; teeth not aligned properly

Manometry testing

test to measure the pressure of vapors and gases

Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD)

gentle massage treatment intended by proponents to encourage the natural circulation of the lymph through the body. MLD uses a specific amount of pressure (less than 9 ounces per square inch) and rhythmic circular movements to stimulate lymph flow.

Measles

causes fever, rash, cough, runny nose and watery eyes. It can also cause ear infections and pneumonia. Measles can also lead to more serious problems, such as brain swelling and even death.

Meiges disease

also called Brueghel's syndrome. dystonia of facial and oromandibular muscles with blepharospasm, grimacing mouth movements, and protrusion of the tongue, usually occurring in older women

Meningococcal conjugate vaccine

(MCV4) protects against 4 strains ("types") of bacterial meningitis caused by the bacteria N. meningitidis. Bacterial meningitis is an infection of the fluid around the brain and spinal cord. It is a serious illness that can cause high fever, headache, stiff neck and confusion. It can also cause more serious complications, such as brain damage, hearing loss or blindness. Children should get the MCV4 vaccine at 11 to 12 years of age. Children older than 12 years of age who have not received the vaccine should receive it before starting high school.

Menstrual cycle regular

predictably timed period (menstrual cycle) every month.

Metabolic panel

lab work that provides your doctor with information on the status of your kidneys, blood sugar, electrolyte & acid/base balance

Microcephaly

small head size for age

Microsurgery

surgery under a microscope

Mitochondrial Disorder

neuromuscular disease

Mitral valve prolapse

heart valve abnormality (e.g., Click Murmur Syndrome or Barlow's Syndrome)

MMR vaccine

protects against the measles, mumps and rubella.

MRI scan

radiology technique that uses magnetism, radiowaves, & a computer to produce images of body structures.

Mumps

causes fever, headache and painful swelling of one or both of the major saliva glands. Mumps can lead to meningitis (infection of the coverings of the brain and spinal cord) and, very rarely, to brain swelling. Rarely, it can cause the testicles of boys or men to swell, which can make them unable to have children.

Muscle rigidity

involuntary tensing & stiffness of muscles

Mutation

permanent change, a structural alteration in the DNA or RNA.

Myoclonic seizures

seizure characterized by jerking movements of a muscle or muscle group without loss of consciousness.

Nasogastric (NG) tube

tube that is passed through the nose and down through the nasopharynx & esophagus into the stomach.

Nearsignted

ability to see near objects more clearly than distant objects. (AKA: Myopia)

Neonatal sepsis (whole-body inflammatory

blood infection that occurs in an infant younger than ninety days old.

Night terrors

sleep disorder in which a person quickly awakens from sleep in a terrified state.

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