third kidney that normally does not cause complications, but occasionally can cause urinary tract infections.

learning disability that impairs a person's math skills.

learning disability that impairs a person's fluency or accuracy in being able to read, speak, and spell.

language disorder that affects the ability of a person to understand written words or speech (receptive dysphasia) or to use language to express their needs and talk (expressive dysphasia).

ears appear simple, underdeveloped, or the upper part of the ear does not appear folded over enough

underdeveloped, thin, easily peel off

malformed kidney that results in multiple cysts in the kidney and poor kidney function.

neurological movement disorder, in which sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures.

test that uses sound waves (ultrasound) to create a moving picture of the heart o look at the structure and function of the heart.

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body. Can occur around joints, in the lung or around the heart.

electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is a test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of your heart.

measure of brain waves to show the type and location of the activity in the brain during a seizure. It also is used to evaluate people who are having problems associated with brain function.

Low oxygen levels in the the unborn young. Signs of this distress can include decreased movement felt by the mother, abnormal substances in the amniotic fluid and an abnormal fetal heart rate.

abnormal condition of a mother during labor. Signs can include the mother feels weak, apathetic or sick; her labor is prolonged; she complains of dehydration and electronic monitoring shows rising pulse, temperature, etc.

artery delivers blood from the heart into the abdomen so an "enlarged aorta" has small bulges or enlargements in all directions.

portion of the artery connected to the heart is called the aortic root so if it becomes enlarged ("aortic root dialation") it can cause the artery to leak.

(Also called "cardiomegaly") symptom seen on a chest X-ray before other tests are performed to diagnose specific heart condition.

enlargement of either of the two arteries that convey oxygen-depleted blood from the heart to the lungs.

natural cavity within the brain is enlarged, often suggesting damage to or loss of brain tissue.

abnormally large artery which carries blood from the heart to the lungs.

fold of skin covers the inner corner of the eye, common in Down Syndrome

burping or belching is the ejection of gas from the gut, through the mouth.Excessive burping could be due to an allergic reaction to some food items or wrong eating habits.

excessive gas may be a sign of certain digestive health conditions, like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

irritability is an excessive response to stimuli. The term is used for both the physiological reaction to stimuli and for the pathological, abnormal or excessive sensitivity to stimuli; It is usually used to refer to anger or frustration.

communication disorder in which there are difficulties with verbal and written expression. It is a specific language impairment characterized by an ability to use expressive spoken language that is markedly below the appropriate level for the mental age.

condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. typically involves a lack of coordination between the extraocular muscles.

Abnormal eye movements are associated with strokes, brain injury, vestibular disorders and neurological diseases.

right and left sides of the face seem out of proportion to each other

when apparently effective labor does not lead to delivery of the baby.

Defined in terms of weight, and can be evaluated either by a low weight for the child's age, or by a low rate of increase in the weight.

Able to see distant objects better than objects at close range.

convulsion that occurs in association with a rapid increase in body temperature. Febrile seizures are common in infants and young children and, fortunately, are usually of no lasting importance.

failure of an infant or child under six years of age to eat enough food to gain weight and grow normally over a period of one month or more. The disorder can also be characterized by the loss of a significant amount of weight over one month. Feeding disorder is similar to failure to thrive, except that no medical or physiological condition can explain the low food intake or lack of growth.

May affect male infants and include hypotonia (reduced muscle tone) with global developmental delay and subsequent learning disability; imperforate or narrowed anus (skin covered or blocked bottom) or severe constipation; high prominent forehead with larger than average head circumference and somewhat widened and flattened-appearing thumbs and great toes. Brain scan may show a lesion called agenesis of the corpus callosum that is not in itself harmful.

formation of an abnormal amount of fibrous tissue in an organ or part as the result of inflammation, irritation, or healing

ability to make precise movements, particularly with fingers/hands

fluorescence in situ hybridization. A technique used to identify segments (or missing segments) of a chromosome.

condition of the feet in which the arch of the instep is flattened and the entire sole touches the ground.

middle part of the face below the eyes and above the mouth seems depressed or flattened

(Influenza vaccine) is available by shot or by nasal spray. The flu shot contains dead viruses. The nasal-spray vaccine contains live but weakened viruses. You cannot get the flu from the flu shot or the nasal-spray vaccine.

surgical instrument in the form of a pair of pincers, used esp in the delivery of babies

syndrome characterized by prominent or long ears, a long face, delayed speech, large testes (macroorchidism), hyperactivity, tactile defensiveness, gross motor delays, and autistic-like behaviors.

(the sound caused by) a sudden brief stopping of the breath caused by eg eating or drinking too much, too quickly.

recurring attacks of vomiting

front part of the brain is underdeveloped

forehead seems broad

movie made using MRI. Used to study the operation of the brain.

inflammatory condition caused by a fungus

swallowing-vomiting activity of the gag reflex.

passage of gastric contents into the esophagus or oropharynx; with or without vomiting. GER can be a daily, normal physiological occurrence in infants, children and adolescents. Most episodes of GER in healthy individuals last <3 minutes, occur in the postprandial period, and cause few or no troublesome symptoms. Regurgitation or spitting up is the most obviously visible symptom to caregivers and pediatricians, particularly in the very young child, occurring daily in about 50% of infants <3 months of age. Regurgitation resolves spontaneously in most healthy infants by 12-14 months of age3,4,5.