| Term | Definition | 
|---|---|
| Cardiologist | doctor who specializes in treating heart disorders. | 
| Cardiomyopathy | disease in which the heart muscle becomes inflamed and doesn't work as well as it should. | 
| Cataract | clouding of the lens of the eye. | 
| CBC and differential | determination of the quantity of each type of blood cell in a given sample of blood. Blood differential test measures the percentage of each type of white blood cell. | 
| Cellulitis | inflammation or infection of the skin causing redness, swelling and tenderness | 
| Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) | baby's head or body is too large to fit through the mother’s pelvis. | 
| Cerebral Palsy | group of chronic neurological symptoms causing impaired control of movement, diagnosed usually before age 3. | 
| CGH (Micro-Array) | comparative genomic hybridization is a high resolution genetic blood test using an array containing many DNA samples to determine the expression levels of hundreds or thousands of genes within a cell. This technology has most commonly been used to detect chromosomal abnormalities. | 
| Chorea | abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias. | 
| Chronic bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchial tubes resulting in excessive secretions of mucus into the tubes, leading to tissue swelling that can narrow or close off bronchial tubes. | 
| Chronic constipation | infrequent bowel movements or straining and difficulty passing stools. | 
| Chronic diarrhea | one or more loose stools per day for approximately four consecutive weeks. | 
| Chylous reflux | swelling and skin lesions, usually of the lower limbs of the body. | 
| Cleft lip | one or two vertical fissures (clefts) in the upper lip; can be on one side only (unilateral) or on both sides (bilateral). | 
| Cleft palate | opening in the roof of the mouth (the palate) | 
| Clonic seizures | seizures defined by rhythmic jerking movements of the arms and legs, sometimes on both sides of the body. | 
| Coarctation of the aorta | narrowing of the aorta, the large blood vessel that branches off your heart and delivers oxygen-rich blood to your body. | 
| Colonoscopy | internal examination of the colon (large intestine) and rectum, using an instrument called a colonoscope. Typically requires sedation | 
| Color blindness (color deficiency) | Difficulty discriminating between colors, typically red and green. | 
| Commando Crawl | crawl using only the arms | 
| Complement screening | blood test that measures the quantity or activity of complement proteins in the blood. | 
| Complex partial seizures | type of partial seizure associated with disease of the temporal lobe and characterized by varying degrees of impairment of consciousness and automatisms, for which the patient is later amnestic. | 
| Compression garments/bandages | panty hose and other clothes that compress the limbs or torso. | 
| Compression Pump | massaging sleeve used to decrease swelling in the arms or legs caused by certain conditions, such as lymphedema. | 
| Computed tomography (CT) | computerized x-ray to make 3D images of inside the body. | 
| Conduct disorder | a behavioral and emotional disorder of childhood and adolescence. Children with conduct disorder act inappropriately, infringe on the rights of others, and violate the behavioral expectations of others. | 
| Congenital abnormality | body defect that exists at birth. | 
| Congenital heart disease | heart defect that exists at birth. | 
| Corpus callosotomy | surgery to cut the nerve fibers that run between the two halves of the brain. Usually done to manage severe epilepsy. | 
| Cortical Vision Impairment | vision loss due to brain damage, not eye problems. | 
| CPAP | Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. CPAP is air pressure applied with a mask to keep the airways open, usually to aid sleep. | 
| CT Scan | computerized imaging technique that uses X-rays to create a 3-dimentional image of the body. Often used to look at the head, chest, abdomen (stomach and intestines), or bones. | 
| Cyanosis | blueish discoloration of the skin due to poor circulation. Often seen on the hands, feet and around the mouth. | 
| Cyclic Vomiting | sudden repeated attacks of severe vomiting that can last from hours to days | 
| Cysts/blisters | internal round, soft, fluid-filled pockets that either be close to skin or inside organs (body parts) like brain and kidneys. |